Two Distinct Forms of Happiness

Psychologists generally recognize two categories of happiness:

1. Hedonic happiness: This form is derived from brief moments of joy and pleasure.
2. Eudemonic happiness: This stems from experiences that offer meaning and purpose.

While some psychologists strictly advocate for either hedonic or eudemonic perspectives, many concur that both are integral to overall happiness in unique ways. A study by Deakin University monitored the happiness levels of hundreds of participants over time, concluding that hedonic activities help regulate emotions and mitigate stress, while eudemonic pursuits foster a sense of meaning in life. Ultimately, both types of happiness are vital for maximizing overall well-being.

Another significant concept in happiness studies is the "happiness set point." Established by researchers in 2005, this notion posits that everyone possesses a baseline level of happiness, varying from person to person. The consensus indicates that approximately 50% is influenced by genetics, 10% by external circumstances, and 40% is within personal control.

Subsequent studies have suggested that our control over happiness might be less than initially believed, with findings indicating that only 20-30% of happiness is within our influence, while the remainder is genetically determined.

Regardless of the precise figures, the overarching idea persists: a segment of your well-being is predetermined, while another part remains malleable.

The Interconnection of Happiness Types

To enhance career satisfaction, one must comprehend the interplay between these two happiness forms.

Essentially, life events—both positive (like receiving a promotion) and negative (such as job loss)—can temporarily shift your happiness levels, but ultimately they revert to your baseline.

Thus, while both forms of happiness hold significance (who doesn't appreciate a pay raise?), sustainable long-term contentment is anchored in internal factors, specifically eudemonic happiness, rather than external circumstances.

Despite the strong influence of genetics, experts agree that individuals can elevate their happiness set point through deliberate effort.

The most effective method identified for enhancing this baseline happiness? Engaging in altruistic endeavors and cultivating a clear sense of purpose.

Purpose: A Construct to be Built

Bringing this back to career satisfaction, achieving happiness at work necessitates that our roles are meaningful and imbued with a sense of purpose.

A common misconception is expecting a job to inherently provide purpose. Yes, certain professions—such as those in healthcare or education—are more evidently altruistic.

However, many prevalent jobs in Western society, such as retail, food service, and administrative roles, are often not viewed as "purposeful."

Yet, all these jobs share a commonality—they exist to assist others. When reframed positively, it's clear they all embody elements of altruism; it just requires a shift in perspective.

As noted by Wharton Professor Adam Grant, individuals who perceive their jobs as a means of altruistic contribution consistently find greater meaning in their work.

Finding Purpose in Unlikely Places

American sewage workers exemplify how one can discover purpose within challenging work. Their job is arduous, often unpleasant, and frequently overlooked. Rarely do people consider the fate of wastewater once they flush.

Remarkably, many sewage workers find satisfaction in their roles, often dedicating decades to the profession. Why is this?

Firstly, they recognize the value of their service to the public. As one worker articulated to a New York Times journalist, “It’s enough just to serve the public.”

Secondly, they are committed to honing their skills and take pride in mastering their craft. They even participate in an annual competition known as the "sludge Olympics," providing them an opportunity to showcase their expertise in a meaningful way.

Five Principles for Cultivating Purpose and Long-Term Happiness

Few individuals enter the sewage profession expecting it to bring joy. Yet, they derive fulfillment from their service, skill mastery, and the value they provide.

Regardless of your current occupation, there are numerous strategies to infuse purpose and meaning into your work, thereby enhancing your career happiness over time. The following principles, drawn from my research, can serve as a foundation:

1. Connect with Service: During a visit to NASA in 1962, President John F. Kennedy encountered a janitor sweeping the floor. When asked about his role, the janitor replied, “I’m helping put a man on the moon.” Every organization addresses a societal need, and all employees contribute in various ways. To find meaning in your work, it's crucial to understand how your daily tasks serve others, ultimately making your work more purposeful.
2. Create Value: Many of our pursuits, such as career advancement or personal leisure, primarily focus on ourselves. While these endeavors are not inherently wrong, they often yield only fleeting happiness. In contrast, contributing value to others fosters a deeper sense of purpose. For instance, my motivation to write stems from the potential impact my work may have on someone facing a career challenge, resulting in a more lasting sense of happiness and pride.
3. Master Your Craft: A natural inclination towards learning and growth is vital for overall well-being. Although acquiring new skills can be daunting, research indicates that individuals who diligently work to enhance their abilities experience greater long-term happiness. From a career perspective, deepening your expertise allows you to create more value and boosts your confidence as you achieve new milestones.
4. Invest in Positive Relationships: While forming friendships with colleagues isn't a requirement, we spend a considerable amount of time interacting with them. Nurturing positive relationships can enhance both job satisfaction and the meaning derived from work. One simple approach is to dedicate a few moments each week to reflect on your colleagues—considering their communication preferences, how you can assist them in achieving their goals, and what lessons you can glean from working alongside them.
5. Remember Your Purpose: Most of us don't have the luxury of working solely for enjoyment. Often, our jobs represent a means to provide for our families, secure their futures, and care for aging parents. During challenging work phases, it’s essential to remember that your efforts serve those you cherish. Keeping this perspective in mind can imbue your job with greater purpose.

Final Reflections

The elements that bring joy—money, vacations, or new possessions—often differ from those that confer meaning to life.

If you ask someone overwhelmed by work and family obligations—exhausted and stressed—whether they feel happy, they might say no.

Conversely, if you encourage them to reflect on their contributions to the world and whether they lead a purposeful life, they are likely to affirm it. This is because striving towards goals, tackling challenges, and being part of something larger can all foster a sense of purpose.

Achieving career happiness isn't a matter of luck; it requires active effort over time. Focus on the value you provide and the individuals you assist while continually refining your skills. The transient pleasures will come, but you'll also cultivate a lasting sense of fulfillment.